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Dental problems are a chronic, the most frequent and frequent disease in the population, which is an important public health issue, given its large impact, particularly in the low socio-economic stratum, as well as the high cost of treatment.
Vidal Alejandro Pomés, dental surgeon and professor at the Faculty of Dentistry of Finis Terrae University, details the dental problems most commonly addressed by the Chileans.
1. Caviar: It is a multifactorial chronic disease of microbial origin, which is characterized by the destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth. It begins with demineralisation of the tooth enamel, the most superficial layer of the tooth, caused by acids that generate a set of organized bacteria called bacterial plaque. They take advantage of food leftovers in our "civilized" diet, which is usually rich in carbohydrates contained in sweets, biscuits and beverages, among others.
"After this initial attack and the superficial chemical type, bacteria continue to invade the tooth structures, causing destruction of the dentin, the tissue that goes deep into enamel," explains Dr. Pomé.
According to Ministry of Health statistics (Minsal), cavities start from the first years of life and show a significant increase with age. At 2 years the prevalence of caries is 17.5%, at 4 years is 49.6% and at 6 years, in mixed dentition, ie 70.4% temporary and definitive teeth. At age 12, it is 62.5% and increases to 99.4% in adults between 65 and 74 years of age.
Gingival and periodontal disease. Dr. Pomés points out that another dental problem that most Chileans consume is gingivitis, which is the inflammation of the gums caused mainly by the bacterial plaque.
According to academics, if this inflammation is not controlled, the process will continue with periodontal disease, which has the same bacterial origin.
"Periodontal disease is characterized by the loss of dental insertion, ie the loss of tissues that hold the tooth inside the maxillary bones, which without treatment will lead to their loss," emphasizes the professor of dentistry at Finis Terrae University.
3. Dentomaxial abnormalities: These are anatomical and / or functional changes that affect the dentomaxillary and / or skeletal harmonic relationship of the oral cavity. According to Dr. Pomés, there are several associated factors, including a genetic component, the lack of growth of one or both jaws, abnormalities in the number and size of teeth, premature tooth loss, interproximal caries, poor aspiration, and breathing habits at the level mouth, among others.
4. Oral Cancer: This is a disease that is characterized as a chronic and complex process. "The main risk factors are tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption and excessive exposure to sunlight," warns Dr.Vidal Pomés.
Cases of oral cancer and pharynx, according to figures from mins, they account for 1.5% of all cases of male cancer and 0.7% for women.
The Professor at Finis Terrae's Dentistry University stresses that it is essential to seek strategies to promote the incorporation of healthy oral hygiene and food habits from the child's population. The transfer of knowledge of oral health from the dentist to the education team is essential. In addition, patients should periodically visit the dentist, "he said.
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